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Fri, Aug 21, 2009 15:10 EDT

Is There Anyone Behind Steering Wheel? (Who is Actually Driving an IT Project?)

The pilot's seat is empty!

Topic: IT Organization Management

Current Rating: 5 Comments: 10

Hello!.. Is Anyone There?

In his recent post titled “The Sorry State of Project Managers and Business Analysts” Michael Hugos asks the following question: “If PMs aren’t piloting and BAs aren’t navigating… then who is piloting and navigating?” I think Michael implicitly answered his own question, but let me try to answer it explicitly: NO ONE IS ACTUALLY PILOTING AND NAVIGATING IT PROJECTS!

I know this is a pretty strong statement, let me try to substantiate it. I will consider a few environments - fictitious ones, although I could attach actual company names to each one of them since I’ve encountered all of them during my career. Let’s start from laying out the ground.

PM and BA: Role Descriptions

What can a layman expect from a PM? Three things, mainly:

  • Liaise with the business side of the project,
  • Plan and manage the project based on the above,
  • Provide adequate information about project status.

There are numerous other tasks PMs are expected to do: managing people beyond the direct needs of the project, coordinating with other projects, participating in long-term planning, and so on, but these three provide basic justification for a PM’s existence in a particular project.

What can a layman expect from a BA? Three things, mainly:

  • Understand business needs,
  • Outline them adequately to the development team,
  • Make sure the two don’t diverge with time.

There are numerous other tasks BAs are expected to perform like influencing the scope, documenting changes, approving UI and so on, but these three provide basic justification for a BA’s existence.

All these duties make sense and ought to be done one way or another. However, it’s not a big revelation that developers on one side and business clients on the other are not always happy with their PMs and BAs. “And why is that? Why are they unimpressed?“ we can ask, re-phrasing once popular line. Well, let’s see how the above roles are performed in different situations.

PMs and BAs in Companies of Different Sizes

An entrepreneurial startup

This type of a company rarely has PM or BA positions. A business sponsor leads the project firmly together with lead developer. They are perfectly fine communicating with each other regarding the goal of the project, its particulars and changes. The project status is clear, barriers are minimal, so is paperwork – so why bother with extra bodies? What would be the added value to the business?

As a result, a project is well-managed, but not for long. As a result of a few successful projects, the company grows and becomes a mid-sized one…

A mid-sized company

Now a business sponsor has less and less time to deal with IT projects. At the same time, the tasks a lead developer faces become more and more complex. Moreover, as a result of the flow of changes, the systems he developed over the years become patchier every day. He meets every new task nervously and even dares to speak of a “complete rewrite”. The business manager is not thrilled to hear this.

Communication becomes less efficient, exactly as described in Alistair Cockburn’s famous “Agile Software Development: A Cooperative Game” (see Chapter 3). Disappointed with what he considers a “performance decline”, a manager hires a PM to straighten out this “underperforming IT team”. In addition, knowing that he doesn’t have time to communicate with the lead developer anymore, he hires a BA as a bridge between him and the dev team.

A lead developer considers this to be an unjust demotion. He is disappointed by what he considers

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Fri, Aug 21, 2009 16:17 EDT
Posted by: jlipton
Rating: 90

I enjoyed you post Eugene.
One thing that is often forgotten is that there are often two (or more) PMs involved in any given project. For example, one PM from the customer and one from the supplier.
More often than not these PMs come from different sized companies, with different cultures and approaches.
Consider the case where the supplier comes from a small company as described in Eugene's article - they'll generally be flexible, have good contact with the BA and development team but not be as good with processes and artefacts. Inevitably there will be problems when this small supplier deals with a large company where the project management is more focussed on processes and documentation.
Further problems arise when the supplier feels that their PM should be driving the project given that they are the subject matter experts - i.e. they're delivering a project that they've done many times before and should be good at it. On the other hand the customer wants their PM to drive, given that they own and understand the problem and business requirements.

Justin Lipton

Exari Systems
Boston | London | Melbourne | Munich
Test drive our software online - demo
Read our document assembly blog - blog.exari.com

 
Fri, Aug 21, 2009 18:25 EDT
Anonymous user
Posted by: Anonymous
Rating:

Reading this made me smile and nod my head in agreement. Its a good description of the last 5 years in the company I have worked for. We have gone from the Developers working with the business to having professional translators with the titles of Business Analyst not being able to speak either language sitting between us. It seems that surviving the IT audit with a good mark by having unnecessary rules is more important that delivering good service to the business.

 
Sun, Aug 23, 2009 13:09 EDT
Anonymous user
Posted by: Prabhat Sharma
Rating:

Very true!!! Those who try to drive are pushed into bureaucracy and deliver the good looking gantt charts and status reports (becoming a postman rather than newsmaker), as they are the actual meters you are measured by. The basic measurements of cost, quality and schedule are always in place but value and innovation are lost.

Can't the big organizations have small teams giving the sense of a small company? That should help projects and people.

 
Tue, Sep 1, 2009 5:48 EDT
Anonymous user
Posted by: Anonymous
Rating:

In the software arena, we typically have a PM and a technical lead/solutions architect running the the project as the architect will typically understand the solution as a whole. This works as quite a symbiotic relationship where the PM focuses on the business management aspects of the project and the technical lead manages the developers and delivery from a technical perspective, with both working to their strengths. The role of a BA would be the same as the developers or testers on the project, they would still be a crucial part of the puzzle but would not typically be in charge of a project.

 
Tue, Sep 1, 2009 13:55 EDT
Anonymous user
Posted by: Anonymous
Rating:

What can a layman expect from a PM? Three things, mainly:

Liaise with the business side of the project,
Plan and manage the project based on the above,
Provide adequate information about project status.

No, this ought to be the responsbility of the development/implementation manager.

Generic project management skills are inadequate. It's good decision-making, the result of expertise and years of experience that causes success.

What can a layman expect from a BA? Three things, mainly:

Understand business needs,
Outline them adequately to the development team,
Make sure the two don’t diverge with time.

A BA is useful if the subject matter is complex and specific industry knowledge is needed. A BA should be assigned by the client to the project at the request of the development/implementation team.

Look, the problem in IT is not the lack of bureaucracy or MBAs. What's missing is talent. Clerical work is highly overrated. Communications skills are not but the people doing all the talking need understand the subject matter.

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