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Wed, Mar 1, 2006 13:50 EST
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Posted by: Christopher Koch in Best Practices Topic: ApplicationsBlog: Koch's IT Strategy
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SOA has a better sales pitch than its architecture strategy predecessors. But it has lacked a clear, useful proof of concept to get it started--until now.
I got a chilling letter from a reader this week--one of those, "uh oh, we're doing technology for technology's sake" anecdotes. I'm sure the CIO in question has a much more compelling story for why he/she is hell-bent on building an enterprise architecture than depicted here, but there's nothing like hearing it from someone in the trenches to get to the core issues. Here's a quick excerpt:
"My organization recently hired a new CIO who is 100-percent bent on getting us into EA with no looking around or looking back. I am of the belief that a system will work in an organization if the organization is ready for it, as opposed to forcing it upon them. We have great IT people in place who know the staff, who know the personality of the organization and right now, no one believes EA will be a benefit for us. Yes, we could use some better organization in IT and more structure and accountability. But that is a management problem, not something a $1 million-dollar-a-year program will cure."
Even among IT staffers, EA is a tough sell. The core issue the writer is getting at is this: What is the business value of EA?
Based on my research and conversations with CIOs there is very little intrinsic value to EA itself, as I wrote in this story. Some 20 years after the movement began, EA is still basically city planning for IT, an overarching plan of the total data, business processes and IT assets inside a company, how they're used, and how they should be built and shared. This has always been a big, difficult and expensive undertaking, and its ROI has often been opaque to the business. Standardizing, mapping and controlling IT assets does not make the business obviously more flexible, capable or profitable. As a result, IT architecture efforts often fail or become completely IT-centric.
The business value of EA only becomes truly clear (beyond simply reducing costs in the IT infrastructure) when you begin to think of SOA as a strategy for implementing EA. Then the architecture effort has a built-in business goal: create an architecture designed to deliver services to the business in terms it can understand. Simply put, it's the first technical concept I've seen in ten years that actually drives alignment between IT and the business.
CIOs have long been flummoxed by alignment. They often give up after yet another consultant comes in to force select groups of business and IT people to build sculptures out of pipe cleaners at yet another touchy feely offsite. I think SOA gives IT the opportunity to drive alignment with technology--I mean, that's why IT people get into this business, right? It's code, not pipe cleaners, that excites them. And business people get something called "get customer record" that they can reuse in their processes over and over--and that they can understand--and they are happy. They are finally getting IT from their own IT department the way they get IT from iTunes or download.com--"to go." That "get customer record" service can be "downloaded" quickly (if it's designed correctly) and plugs right into their business process.
I know I am glossing over some of the difficulties of creating services and SOA, but when is IT ever simple? At least SOA makes sense to everyone who hears the spiel.
The spiel works as long as it stays focused on business capabilities. As another reader, Dave Youkers, a former consultant, points
I'm in 100% agreement that a business-capability driven architecture is the correct way to ensure technology enables the business goals and objectives (and therefore delivers measureable value). Service Orientation provides a way to describe that technology in business accessible terms - business services.
Yet I have to disagree that "The business value of EA only becomes truly clear...when you begin to think of SOA as a strategy for implementing EA." Any EA that is truly rooted in business capabilities (SOA or not) will demonstrate its value IF the architects take the time to document the business metrics associated with the objectives and capabilities and link those metrics to the supporting technology. Those metrics form the basis for ongoing governance and measurement of the results delivered by IT.
That rigor (linking business objectives to metrics to capabilities to technology) is why I think your statement would be better worded as "The business value of EA only becomes truly clear...when you begin to think of EA as a strategy for justifying SOA."
Ein Schloss, Ein Wurst, Ein Kopf !bsx
- I have read numerous articles that discuss enterprise architecture (EA) primarily as an IT-centric capability. Although EA certainly can be used to optimize the use of IT to support the business, does not the enterprise include ALL of the other supporting infrastructures in the enterprise? If architecture reflects the description of an entity, then could we not expand our perspective of enterprise architecture as a description of the entire enterprise rather than just focusing on the IT aspects?
- For example, is the human resources function part of the enterprise? Are the logistics support functions part of the enterprise. Are the engineering, manufacturing, distribution, etc., functions all part of the enterprise? If these and ALL other functions are part of the enterprise, then why do we insist that the EA is primarily IT-centric?
- I suggest we consider EA as an enterprise enabler that helps the entire enterprise function more effectively and not just from an IT-centric perspective
Stan Boddie
U.S. National Defense University
Stan, could not agree more... EA is all about business alignment and clear business strategy enablement.
I see business alignment as follows.
An overall business strategy drives the associated business capabilities required to achieve it. That business capability "roadmap", drives the EA.
The EA is developed at both a future state and incremental perspective.
The EA includes the business architecture (business process / products / organization / distribution channel / products / market, etc.) In other words, the business side has to change as well, along with IT to enable the overall business strategy.
Finally, business architecture is aligned with the application architecture which is aligned with the information architecture which is aligned with the infrastructure architecture).
Yes, IT will still incorporate IT best practices / new technologies into their solutions, but for the most part anyway, almost every IT architecture decision should trace back to a business strategy and capability.
Although EA with SOA can provide very real benefits, it is a large and steep hill to climb. One alternative to consider for getting started with SOA is the machine-to-machine world of B2B integration. B2B integration, by its very nature involves at least two well-defined business services - and often many more. They are almost always asynchronous and loosely-coupled and benefit greatly from business process management. Many enterprises can use a high-value B2B integration as a 'poster child' for the benefit of SOA.
Fred M. Domke, President
Business Integration Technology, Inc.